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Marion Nestle does an informal overview of the literature, tallying sponsor-funded research conclusions as favorable or unfavorable. Her results to date: of 142 industry-funded studies, 130 happen to be favorable towards the sponsors, 12 unfavorable. See here.

This is simply the latest of the lengthy type of investigations that demonstrate, resistant to the insistence of individuals who appear to think that research should be thought about equal whatever the source, that funding source does affect research outcomes-whether because funders is only going to fund research they believe will discover favorable results (thus skewing the entire body of research literature, similar to publication bias does) or because funding itself subtly alters a variety of procedures, biasing the outcomes (essentially, I have faith that this isn’t very different compared to former effect). In the two cases, an appearance of literature is created that systematically favors sponsors and therefore distorts our picture of reality. See studies here and here.

To be able to correct this distortion of reality, that is a systemic fact even when it doesn’t apply in each and every situation, I believe that it is both legitimate and essential to criticize studies based on their funding sources ALONE. It might be impossible to demonstrate distortion in almost any individual situation however, if the sum consequence of studies suggests distortion, performs this not cast a shadow on individual cases buy thesis papers online?